hasnyálmirigyexokrin

Hasnyálmirigyexokrin refers to the exocrine function of the pancreas, which is responsible for producing and secreting digestive enzymes. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach. While it also has an endocrine function (producing hormones like insulin), its exocrine role is crucial for breaking down food.

The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar cells, which synthesize and release digestive enzymes into small ducts. These ducts merge to form the main pancreatic duct, which carries the pancreatic juice to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. Pancreatic juice contains a potent mixture of enzymes essential for digestion. These include amylase for breaking down carbohydrates, lipase for digesting fats, and proteases (like trypsin and chymotrypsin) for protein digestion. Bicarbonate is also secreted to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach, creating an optimal pH for enzyme activity.

Disorders affecting the exocrine pancreas can lead to maldigestion and malabsorption. Conditions such as chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and pancreatic cancer can impair the production or secretion of these vital enzymes, resulting in symptoms like steatorrhea (fatty stools), weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies. Diagnosis often involves assessing pancreatic enzyme levels in stool or through functional tests. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause and providing enzyme replacement therapy to aid digestion.