halmazállapotváltozásoknál

Phase transitions, also known as halmazállapotváltozások, are physical processes where a substance changes from one state of matter to another. These changes occur when external conditions, such as temperature or pressure, are altered. The most common phase transitions involve solid, liquid, and gaseous states.

Melting, or fusion, is the transition from a solid to a liquid state, typically occurring at a specific temperature called the melting point. Freezing, or solidification, is the reverse process, where a liquid turns into a solid. Boiling, or vaporization, is the transition from a liquid to a gas. This happens at the boiling point. Condensation is the opposite, where a gas becomes a liquid. Sublimation is a direct transition from a solid to a gas, bypassing the liquid phase, while deposition is the reverse, where a gas becomes a solid.

These transitions involve energy exchange. For instance, melting requires energy input (endothermic process), while freezing releases energy (exothermic process). The specific temperatures and pressures at which these changes occur are characteristic properties of each substance. Understanding phase transitions is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications, from weather forecasting to material processing.