gróðurhusefni

Gróðurhusefni, or greenhouse gases, are atmospheric gases that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. This process is essential for maintaining a habitable temperature on Earth, as it traps some of the sun's heat. Without this natural greenhouse effect, Earth would be a much colder planet. However, human activities have significantly increased the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, leading to enhanced warming.

The primary greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3). Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas, but its concentration is largely controlled by temperature, creating a feedback loop. Carbon dioxide is a major contributor to the enhanced greenhouse effect, primarily released through the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, released from sources like livestock, natural gas leaks, and rice cultivation. Nitrous oxide is emitted from agricultural and industrial activities, as well as from the combustion of fossil fuels.

The increased concentration of greenhouse gases is the main driver of climate change. This leads to a rise in global average temperatures, which in turn causes a range of environmental impacts, including melting glaciers and ice sheets, rising sea levels, more frequent and intense heatwaves, changes in precipitation patterns, and disruptions to ecosystems. International efforts are underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through policies and technological advancements.