glenohümoraalne

Glenohumeral refers to the articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus. This forms the primary joint of the shoulder, also known as the glenohumeral joint or the shoulder joint proper. It is a ball-and-socket joint, which allows for a wide range of motion. The glenoid cavity is a shallow socket, and the humeral head is a large, rounded surface, providing inherent instability that is compensated by the surrounding soft tissues.

The glenohumeral joint is stabilized by a combination of bony congruity, the glenoid labrum, the capsule, and the rotator cuff muscles. The glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the socket, increasing stability. The joint capsule is a strong, fibrous sleeve that encloses the joint and is reinforced by ligaments. The rotator cuff, consisting of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles, plays a crucial role in both movement and dynamic stabilization of the humeral head within the glenoid.

The extensive range of motion of the glenohumeral joint allows for elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, internal rotation, and external rotation of the arm, as well as circumduction. This mobility, however, makes the joint susceptible to injuries such as dislocations, separations, and tears of the rotator cuff or labrum. Understanding the anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint is essential for diagnosing and treating shoulder pathologies.