fruktóz1foszfáttá

Fruktóz1foszfát (F1P), also known as fructose-1-phosphate, is a crucial intermediate in the metabolism of fructose. It is formed from fructose by the enzyme fructokinase, a process that requires ATP. This phosphorylation step is the initial commitment of fructose to either glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. Once fructose is phosphorylated to F1P, it can no longer readily exit the cell.

The further metabolism of F1P proceeds through the action of aldolase B, which cleaves F1P into two triose phosphates: dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde. Glyceraldehyde is then phosphorylated to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by triose kinase, also consuming ATP. DHAP and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are intermediates in glycolysis and can be further metabolized to pyruvate, or they can enter gluconeogenesis to be converted back to glucose.

Genetic defects in the enzymes involved in fructose metabolism, particularly aldolase B, lead to hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI). In HFI, the accumulation of F1P in the liver after fructose ingestion can be toxic, leading to severe hypoglycemia, vomiting, and liver damage. This highlights the critical role of F1P in normal fructose processing and the consequences of its metabolic disruption.