fotoszintézisok

Fotoszintézisok is the Hungarian term for photosynthesis, the biological process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigment. During photosynthesis in plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. This process is fundamental to life on Earth as it produces most of the oxygen in the atmosphere and supplies the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for the existence of life.

The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2. This equation shows that carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose (a sugar) and oxygen. The process occurs in specialized organelles within plant cells called chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that absorbs light energy. Photosynthesis can be broadly divided into two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle).

In the light-dependent reactions, light energy is captured by chlorophyll and used to split water molecules, releasing oxygen as a byproduct and generating energy-carrying molecules like ATP and NADPH. These molecules then power the light-independent reactions, where carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is fixed and converted into glucose. This glucose can then be used by the plant for energy, growth, or stored for later use. Fotoszintézisok is crucial not only for plants but also for heterotrophic organisms, including animals, which rely on plants as a food source and for the oxygen they respire.