fosfodiesterovými

Fosfodiesterové refers to a specific type of chemical bond found within nucleic acids, namely deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). This bond links the 3' carbon atom of one deoxyribose or ribose sugar molecule to the phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon atom of the next sugar molecule. Essentially, it forms the backbone of the DNA and RNA strands.

The "phospho" part of the term refers to the phosphate group (PO4^3-), and "diester" indicates that the phosphate group is esterified to two alcohol groups. In the context of nucleic acids, these alcohol groups are the hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the 3' and 5' carbons of the sugar molecules. This phosphodiester linkage is crucial for the structural integrity of DNA and RNA, providing stability to the double helix in DNA and enabling the diverse functions of RNA. The repeating pattern of sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate creates the linear polymer structure that carries genetic information. Enzymes called phosphodiesterases are responsible for breaking these bonds, a process vital for DNA repair, RNA degradation, and cellular signaling.