flotací

Flotace is a physico-chemical separation process used to selectively separate hydrophobic (water-repelling) materials from hydrophilic (water-attracting) materials. This is achieved by introducing air bubbles into a liquid suspension containing the materials. The hydrophobic particles attach to the air bubbles and rise to the surface, forming a froth that can be skimmed off, while the hydrophilic particles remain suspended or settle at the bottom.

The process relies on modifying the surface properties of the particles, typically through the addition of chemical reagents. Collectors are substances that adsorb onto the surface of the desired mineral, rendering it hydrophobic. Frothers are added to stabilize the air bubbles and create a stable froth layer. Modifiers, such as activators or depressants, can also be used to enhance or inhibit the collection of specific minerals.

Flotation is widely employed in various industries, most notably in mineral processing for the separation of valuable minerals like copper, gold, and coal from waste rock. It is also used in wastewater treatment for the removal of suspended solids and oil, and in the pulp and paper industry for de-inking recycled paper. The efficiency of flotation depends on factors such as particle size, mineralogy, reagent dosage, and air flow rate.