feromagnetických

Ferromagnetism is a type of magnetism that occurs in certain materials, known as ferromagnetic materials, which exhibit strong magnetic properties. These materials are characterized by the alignment of their atomic magnetic moments in the same direction, creating a net magnetic field. This alignment is due to the exchange interaction between neighboring atoms, which favors parallel alignment of their magnetic moments.

Ferromagnetic materials include common elements such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, as well as their alloys. The temperature at which a ferromagnetic material loses its ferromagnetic properties and becomes paramagnetic is known as the Curie temperature. Above this temperature, the thermal energy disrupts the alignment of the magnetic moments, leading to a loss of magnetization.

Ferromagnetism is responsible for the behavior of permanent magnets and is the basis for many technological applications, including electric motors, generators, and magnetic storage devices. The study of ferromagnetic materials and their properties is a crucial area of research in condensed matter physics and materials science.