fehérjemetilációt

Fehérjemetiláció is a post-translational modification where a methyl group is added to a protein. This process primarily occurs on specific amino acid residues, most notably lysine and arginine. The methyl group is typically transferred from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl group donor. The enzymes responsible for catalyzing this reaction are called methyltransferases.

The addition of a methyl group can significantly alter the protein's properties and functions. For instance, it can affect protein-protein interactions, protein-DNA binding, and protein stability. Methylation can also influence the protein's localization within the cell. Furthermore, the degree of methylation, such as mono-, di-, or trimethylation on lysine residues, can lead to distinct functional outcomes.

Fehérjemetiláció plays a crucial role in a wide range of cellular processes, including gene expression regulation, signal transduction, DNA repair, and protein degradation. Aberrant protein methylation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic diseases, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The reversibility of some methylation marks, mediated by demethylases, adds another layer of regulatory complexity to these processes. Research into fehérjemetiláció continues to uncover new insights into its diverse roles in biology.