eukariótáktól

Eukariota is a term derived from ancient Greek, meaning "true kernel," referring to organisms possessing a membrane-bound nucleus. This fundamental characteristic distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes, which lack such a defined nucleus. The genetic material of eukaryotic cells, DNA, is housed within this nucleus, a structure that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and cellular processes.

Beyond the nucleus, eukaryotic cells are further characterized by the presence of various other membrane-bound organelles, each performing specialized functions. These include mitochondria, responsible for energy production through cellular respiration; the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, involved in protein and lipid synthesis and modification; and lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes. Plant cells and some other eukaryotes also possess chloroplasts, the sites of photosynthesis. The internal structure of eukaryotic cells is supported by a cytoskeleton, a dynamic network of protein filaments that provides shape, facilitates movement, and aids in intracellular transport. Eukaryotes encompass a vast diversity of life forms, ranging from single-celled organisms like amoebas and yeast to complex multicellular organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi.