elastomerach

Elastomers are a class of polymers that exhibit viscoelasticity and a very small degree of irreversible deformation. The name elastomer is derived from elastic polymer. Elastomers are amorphous polymers that have a glass transition temperature below room temperature. This ensures that, below room temperature, the polymer is in a glassy state and brittle. Above the glass transition temperature, the polymer becomes viscous and rubbery.

Elastomers can be stretched to several hundred percent of their original length, and upon release of the stress, they will return to their original length almost instantly. This elasticity is due to the polymer chains being cross-linked. Without cross-linking, the polymer chains would slide past each other when stretched, resulting in permanent deformation. The cross-links prevent this chain slippage, allowing the material to return to its original shape.

Common examples of elastomers include natural rubber, silicone rubber, and neoprene. These materials find widespread use in applications such as tires, seals, hoses, gloves, and footwear. The properties of elastomers can be modified by varying their chemical composition, cross-link density, and the addition of fillers.