cricofaríngeal

Cricofaríngeo refers to the cricopharyngeal muscle, also known as the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). This muscle is a critical component of the pharynx, located at the junction of the pharynx and the esophagus. Its primary function is to prevent the reflux of esophageal contents into the pharynx and to prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing. The cricopharyngeal muscle is tonically contracted at rest, creating a barrier that opens only during swallowing, belching, or vomiting.

The mechanism of swallowing involves the coordinated action of several muscles, including the cricopharyngeal muscle. When a bolus of food or liquid moves down the pharynx, the cricopharyngeal muscle relaxes, allowing the bolus to enter the esophagus. This relaxation is triggered by neural signals originating from the swallowing center in the brainstem. After the bolus has passed, the muscle contracts again, restoring the barrier.

Dysfunction of the cricopharyngeal muscle can lead to various swallowing difficulties, collectively termed dysphagia. These issues can manifest as a feeling of food sticking in the throat, difficulty initiating a swallow, or regurgitation of food. Conditions such as achalasia, Zenker's diverticulum, and pharyngeal paralysis can affect the normal function of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Diagnosis often involves imaging studies like videofluoroscopic swallow studies and manometry to assess muscle activity and pressures. Treatment strategies vary depending on the underlying cause and may include dietary modifications, swallowing therapy, or surgical interventions.