centrószomák

Centrosomes are organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) for the cell. Each centrosome is composed of two centrioles, which are cylindrical structures made of microtubules, arranged perpendicularly to each other. The centrioles are surrounded by a proteinaceous matrix called the pericentriolar material (PCM). The PCM is responsible for the nucleation and assembly of new microtubules.

The primary function of the centrosome is to organize the mitotic spindle during cell division. Microtubules emanating from the centrosome form the spindle fibers that attach to chromosomes and pull them apart into daughter cells. In animal cells, centrosomes are also involved in the formation of cilia and flagella. They act as basal bodies, which are the foundation from which these motile appendages grow.

Centrosomes are duplicated once per cell cycle, ensuring that each daughter cell receives one centrosome. This duplication process is tightly regulated and occurs during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. The presence and function of centrosomes are crucial for proper chromosome segregation and cell motility. Abnormalities in centrosome number or function have been linked to various human diseases, including cancer and developmental disorders.