bétarészecskéket

Bétarészecskék refers to beta particles, which are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei during a process called beta decay. When a neutron within an unstable atomic nucleus transforms into a proton, an electron (beta-minus particle) is emitted to conserve charge, along with an antineutrino. Conversely, if a proton within the nucleus transforms into a neutron, a positron (beta-plus particle) is emitted, along with a neutrino. These beta particles are a form of ionizing radiation, meaning they possess enough energy to strip electrons from atoms and molecules they interact with. Beta particles have a moderate penetrating power, capable of passing through thin sheets of metal or plastic but being stopped by a few millimeters of aluminum or denser materials. Their energy spectrum is continuous, reflecting the fact that the decay energy is shared between the beta particle and the accompanying neutrino or antineutrino. Beta decay is a fundamental process in nuclear physics and plays a role in applications such as medical imaging, industrial gauging, and radiocarbon dating.