biomoléculas

Biomolecules are organic compounds that are essential for life. They are the building blocks of cells and perform a vast array of functions necessary for survival and reproduction. The four major classes of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates serve as a primary source of energy for cells and also play structural roles. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and range from simple sugars like glucose to complex polysaccharides like starch and cellulose.

Lipids, also known as fats, are a diverse group of molecules that are insoluble in water. They are crucial for energy storage, forming cell membranes, and acting as signaling molecules. Examples include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, performing a multitude of functions. They are polymers made up of amino acid subunits and are responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes), providing structural support, transporting molecules, and mediating immune responses, among many other roles.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, carry genetic information. DNA stores the genetic blueprint of an organism, while RNA plays a role in protein synthesis and gene regulation. Both are polymers composed of nucleotide monomers. These four classes of biomolecules interact in complex ways to maintain cellular homeostasis and enable the processes of life.