biomolekulákról

Biomolekulák, also known as biological molecules, are complex chemical compounds that are essential for the functioning of all living organisms. These molecules are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The four major classes of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates serve as a primary source of energy for cells and play structural roles. They include simple sugars like glucose and complex polysaccharides like starch and cellulose. Lipids, or fats, are diverse molecules that are insoluble in water and are crucial for energy storage, cell membrane structure, and signaling pathways. Examples include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, performing a vast array of functions including catalysis, transport, and structural support. They are polymers made up of amino acid subunits. Nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), carry genetic information and are involved in protein synthesis. They are polymers composed of nucleotide subunits.

These biomolecules interact in intricate ways to maintain cellular homeostasis and enable life processes. Their study is fundamental to understanding biology, medicine, and biotechnology.