beinagrindarkerfið

Beinagrindarkerfið, also known as the skeletal system, is the structural framework of the human body. It is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The primary functions of the skeletal system include providing support, enabling movement, protecting internal organs, producing blood cells, and storing minerals.

The human skeleton consists of 206 bones in adults, though this number can vary slightly, particularly in infants who have more cartilage that fuses into bone over time. These bones are categorized into different types based on their shape and function, such as long bones (e.g., femur), short bones (e.g., carpals), flat bones (e.g., sternum), and irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae).

Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in joints, the nose, and ears, acting as a shock absorber and allowing for smooth movement between bones. Ligaments are strong, fibrous tissues that connect bone to bone, providing stability to joints. Tendons, similarly fibrous, connect muscle to bone, facilitating the transmission of force for movement.

The skeletal system is vital for protecting delicate organs like the brain (skull), lungs and heart (rib cage), and spinal cord (vertebrae). Bone marrow, found within many bones, is responsible for hematopoiesis, the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Bones also serve as a reservoir for essential minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus, which are released into the bloodstream as needed.