antracyklines

Anthracyclines are a class of chemotherapy drugs used to treat various types of cancer. They are derived from the bacterium Streptomyces. The primary mechanism of action for anthracyclines involves interfering with DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell death. They achieve this by intercalating into DNA, binding to enzymes like topoisomerase II, and generating free radicals that damage cellular components.

Commonly prescribed anthracyclines include doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin. These drugs are administered intravenously. Their effectiveness spans a range of malignancies such as breast cancer, lung cancer, lymphomas, and leukemias. However, like most chemotherapy agents, anthracyclines are associated with significant side effects. These can include myelosuppression (low blood cell counts), nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and mucositis.

A notable and dose-limiting toxicity of anthracyclines is cardiotoxicity, which can manifest as weakened heart muscle and heart failure. This risk is cumulative, meaning it increases with higher doses and longer treatment durations. Careful monitoring of cardiac function is therefore essential during treatment. Research continues to explore strategies to mitigate anthracycline toxicity, including the development of liposomal formulations and alternative dosing regimens, while preserving their potent anti-cancer effects.