Ydinpartikkelit

Ydinpartikkelit, also known as nuclear particles, refers to the constituents of an atomic nucleus. The primary particles within the nucleus are protons and neutrons. Protons carry a positive electric charge, while neutrons are electrically neutral. Together, protons and neutrons are collectively called nucleons. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its atomic number, which defines the element. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is called the mass number.

Beyond protons and neutrons, atomic nuclei are also subject to various forces and phenomena. The strong nuclear force is a fundamental interaction that binds protons and neutrons together, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons. This force is very strong but acts over extremely short distances, confined within the nucleus.

Instabilities within the nucleus can lead to radioactive decay, where the nucleus spontaneously emits particles or energy to reach a more stable state. Common types of decay include alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay. In alpha decay, the nucleus emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus. Beta decay involves the transformation of a neutron into a proton or vice versa, accompanied by the emission of an electron or positron. Gamma decay releases high-energy photons. Understanding ydinpartikkelit is crucial for nuclear physics, chemistry, and various technological applications like nuclear energy and medical imaging.