Vattelian

Vattelianism is a political philosophy named after the Italian philosopher Cesare Beccaria, who was influenced by the ideas of the English philosopher John Locke. Beccaria's work, "Dei delitti e delle pene" (On Crimes and Punishments), published in 1764, is the foundational text of Vattelianism. The philosophy emphasizes the importance of individual rights and the separation of powers within a government. Beccaria argued that the punishment for a crime should be proportional to the harm caused by the crime, rather than being excessive or arbitrary. This principle is known as the "proportionality of punishment." Vattelianism also advocates for the abolition of torture and cruel punishments, as well as the protection of individual rights against the arbitrary power of the state. The philosophy has had a significant influence on the development of modern criminal justice systems and the protection of human rights.