Trombocytóza

Trombocytóza refers to an elevated level of platelets in the blood. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, irregular-shaped blood cells produced in the bone marrow that play a crucial role in blood clotting. A normal platelet count typically ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Counts above this range are considered trombocytóza.

There are two main types of trombocytóza: primary and secondary. Primary trombocytóza, also known as essential thrombocythemia, is a myeloproliferative neoplasm where the bone marrow produces too many platelets. Secondary trombocytóza, or reactive trombocytóza, occurs when elevated platelet counts are a response to another underlying condition. Common causes of secondary trombocytóza include infections, inflammation, iron deficiency anemia, certain types of cancer, post-splenectomy (removal of the spleen), and strenuous exercise.

In many cases, trombocytóza, particularly the reactive type, may not cause any symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include easy bruising, bleeding from the gums or nose, and in rare instances, more serious clotting issues leading to stroke or heart attack. Diagnosis is made through a complete blood count (CBC). Treatment depends on the underlying cause. For reactive trombocytóza, addressing the primary condition often resolves the elevated platelet count. Essential thrombocythemia may require medication to reduce platelet production and the risk of blood clots.