Trofoblastinen

Trofoblastinen refers to cells that form the trophoblast, which is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst. The trophoblast is a transient structure that plays a crucial role in implantation and the formation of the placenta. These cells are essential for establishing and maintaining the pregnancy. Initially, the trophoblast is responsible for the initial attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall. Following implantation, the trophoblast differentiates into two layers: the cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast. The cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of mononuclear cells, while the syncytiotrophoblast is an outer layer of multinucleated cells formed by the fusion of cytotrophoblast cells.

The syncytiotrophoblast invades the uterine endometrium, breaking down maternal tissues and establishing a connection for nutrient and gas exchange. It also produces hormones, most notably human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is vital for maintaining the corpus luteum and preventing menstruation. As pregnancy progresses, the trophoblast differentiates further to form the various components of the placenta, including chorionic villi, which are finger-like projections that house fetal blood vessels and are bathed in maternal blood. The health and proper development of the trophoblast are critical for a successful pregnancy and fetal growth. Abnormalities in trophoblast development can lead to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia or gestational trophoblastic disease.