Testvérkromatida

Testvérkromatida refers to the two identical copies of a single chromosome that are formed during DNA replication. After replication, a chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined together at a region called the centromere. These sister chromatids are exact replicas of each other, containing the same genetic information.

During cell division, specifically mitosis and meiosis, the sister chromatids separate. In mitosis, they move to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. In meiosis, the first division separates homologous chromosomes, and the second division separates the sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells. The accurate separation of sister chromatids is crucial for maintaining genetic stability and preventing aneuploidy, a condition characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes. The cohesion between sister chromatids is established by a protein complex called cohesin, which is later disassembled to allow their separation. Errors in this process can lead to various genetic disorders.