Sublimatsioonivärvidega

Sublimation is a chemical process where a substance transitions directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase. This phenomenon occurs at temperatures and pressures below the substance's triple point. The reverse process, where a gas directly becomes a solid, is called deposition or desublimation.

Several common substances exhibit sublimation. Dry ice, which is solid carbon dioxide, sublimes at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, turning directly into carbon dioxide gas. Iodine crystals also sublimate when heated, producing a violet vapor. Naphthalene, the active ingredient in mothballs, is another familiar example that readily sublimes.

The energy required for sublimation is known as the enthalpy of sublimation. This energy is absorbed by the substance during the transition from solid to gas. Factors influencing the rate of sublimation include temperature, surface area, and the partial pressure of the substance in the surrounding environment. In nature, sublimation plays a role in the water cycle, particularly in cold, dry regions where snow and ice can diminish without melting. In scientific and industrial applications, sublimation is utilized for purification processes, such as the purification of iodine and the freeze-drying of food and pharmaceuticals.