SWAT

Swat, also known as the Swat Valley, is a region in the northwestern part of Pakistan, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It lies along the Swat River and comprises the Swat District within the Malakand Division. The main settlements are Mingora, the largest town, and Saidu Sharif, the administrative capital; other notable towns include Kalam and Bahrain. The valley is characterized by alpine landscapes, forested hills, and a climate that supports agriculture along the river.

Historically, Swat is part of the Gandhara region, with Buddhist sites such as the Butkara Stupa illustrating its ancient heritage. The area was ruled by local dynasties and, in the 20th century, became the princely state of Swat under the British Indian Empire until its dissolution in 1969 when it merged into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

In the 21st century, Swat gained international attention for conflict between militants and government forces; from 2007 to 2009, parts of the valley saw armed insurgency and military operations, leading to displacement and later stabilization as security operations reduced militant activity.

Economy and culture: The valley relies on agriculture, including apples, apricots, and walnuts, and on tourism. Its scenery attracts visitors for trekking, river activities, and visits to historical sites. The population is predominantly Pashtun, with Pashto as the main language and religious practice primarily Islam. Swat remains a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, known for its natural beauty, archaeological heritage, and ongoing development challenges.