Süljenäärmete

Süljenäärmete, known in English as salivary glands, are exocrine glands in the mouths of most vertebrates. They produce saliva, a fluid that plays a crucial role in digestion, lubrication, and oral hygiene.

There are three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands. The parotid glands are the largest and are located on the sides of the face, in front of and below the ears. They primarily secrete serous saliva, which contains enzymes like amylase. The submandibular glands are smaller and lie beneath the jawbone. They produce a mixed secretion, containing both serous and mucous components. The sublingual glands are the smallest and are located under the tongue. They mainly secrete mucous saliva.

In addition to these major glands, numerous minor salivary glands are scattered throughout the oral mucosa, contributing to overall salivary production. Saliva's functions are diverse. It begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates through amylase, moistens food for easier swallowing and speech, and helps to clean the mouth by washing away food particles and bacteria. Saliva also contains antibodies and enzymes that help protect against oral infections. The production and flow of saliva are regulated by the autonomic nervous system, increasing in response to food stimuli and decreasing during dehydration or sleep.