Sähkökaariuunit

Sähkökaariuunit, also known as electric arc furnaces (EAFs), are industrial furnaces that use an electric arc to melt scrap metal and produce steel. The process involves passing a high-voltage electric current through electrodes, creating an arc between the electrodes and the metal charge. This intense heat, reaching temperatures of thousands of degrees Celsius, melts the metal, allowing for its purification and transformation into steel.

The primary feedstock for EAFs is typically steel scrap, which is loaded into the furnace. The electrodes, usually made of graphite, are lowered into the furnace, and the electric current is initiated. As the arc forms, it generates significant heat that melts the scrap. Impurities are removed through the addition of fluxes, which combine with the undesirable elements to form slag, a molten waste product that floats on top of the molten metal and can be easily removed. Alloying elements can also be added to achieve specific steel grades.

EAFs offer several advantages, including flexibility in production capacity, the ability to recycle steel, and lower emissions compared to traditional blast furnaces. They are particularly well-suited for producing specialty steels and smaller batches. The precise control over temperature and chemistry allows for the production of a wide range of steel products with varying properties. EAF technology has continuously evolved, leading to increased energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact.