ProporcionálisIntegrálisDerivált

Proporcionális is a term that can refer to several concepts, primarily related to proportionality. In mathematics, a proportional relationship exists between two quantities when their ratios are constant. This means that as one quantity changes, the other changes by the same factor. For example, if the cost of apples is proportional to their weight, doubling the weight of apples will double the cost.

In politics, proportional representation is an electoral system designed to allocate legislative seats in proportion to the votes received by each party. This contrasts with plurality systems, where the candidate with the most votes wins, regardless of whether they achieve a majority. Proportional representation aims to ensure that smaller parties have a better chance of gaining representation, reflecting a wider range of political viewpoints in the legislature.

The concept of proportionality also appears in law, particularly in discussions of justice and punishment. A proportional response or penalty is one that is commensurate with the offense committed. This principle seeks to avoid excessive or insufficient consequences, ensuring fairness in the application of rules and laws. The idea is that the severity of the action should be balanced with the severity of the reaction.

The term "proporcionális" itself is derived from the Latin word "proportio," meaning "proportion." Therefore, any context where proportionality is a key characteristic can be described using this term, depending on the specific language and field of study.