Proélastine

Proélastine is a protein precursor that plays a crucial role in the formation of elastin, a key component of elastic connective tissues in the body. Elastin is responsible for the elasticity and resilience of tissues such as skin, blood vessels, and lungs, allowing them to stretch and recoil. Proélastine is synthesized within cells and then secreted into the extracellular matrix.

Once in the extracellular space, proélastine undergoes a complex process of modification and assembly. It is cleaved by enzymes to form tropoelastin, which then self-assembles into larger fibers. These tropoelastin molecules are cross-linked by enzymes like lysyl oxidase, creating a stable, resilient network of elastic fibers. This process is essential for maintaining tissue function and integrity throughout life.

The production and organization of proélastine are tightly regulated. Factors such as aging, exposure to UV radiation, and certain diseases can affect the quality and quantity of elastin produced, leading to a loss of elasticity in tissues. This can manifest as wrinkles in the skin, stiffening of arteries, or impaired lung function. Research into proélastine and elastin continues to explore potential therapeutic targets for conditions related to tissue degeneration and aging.