Pharyngealmuskeln

Pharyngeal muscles, also known as the constrictors of the pharynx, are a group of muscles located in the wall of the pharynx. These muscles are crucial for the process of swallowing, also known as deglutition. They are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and the vagus nerve (CN X).

There are three pairs of pharyngeal constrictor muscles: the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors. These muscles form a functional unit that works sequentially to propel food or liquid from the pharynx into the esophagus. During swallowing, the pharyngeal muscles contract in a wave-like manner, starting from the superior constrictor and moving downwards. This peristaltic action effectively pushes the bolus of food or liquid towards the esophagus.

In addition to their role in swallowing, the pharyngeal muscles also play a part in speech production and breathing. They contribute to the resonance and modification of sounds produced in the vocal tract. Their coordinated action helps to maintain an open airway during respiration while preventing the entry of food into the trachea. The pharyngeal muscles are essential for basic physiological functions, ensuring safe and efficient passage of food and air.