PLA2R

PLA2R refers to Phospholipase A2 Receptor, a protein encoded by the PLA2R1 gene. This receptor is primarily found on the surface of podocytes, specialized cells in the kidneys that form the filtration barrier. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of the inflammatory response and is implicated in the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases.

PLA2R is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds to secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzymes. This binding is thought to be involved in the clearance of circulating sPLA2 and the modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Dysfunction or autoantibody production against PLA2R is a key feature of primary membranous nephropathy (MN), a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. In primary MN, antibodies target PLA2R on podocytes, leading to the formation of immune deposits that damage the kidney's filtering units. Research into PLA2R has significantly advanced our understanding of this autoimmune kidney disease and has led to the development of diagnostic tests and potential therapeutic strategies.