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PBPs (Proteasome-Binding Proteins) are a group of proteins that play a crucial role in the regulation of the proteasome, a large protein complex responsible for the degradation of unwanted or damaged proteins within cells. The proteasome is a key component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, regulating protein levels, and controlling cellular signaling pathways.

PBPs are characterized by their ability to bind to the proteasome and modulate its activity. They can either enhance or inhibit proteasome function, depending on the specific PBP and the cellular context. For example, some PBPs can enhance proteasome activity by facilitating the entry of substrates into the proteasome, while others can inhibit proteasome activity by blocking substrate entry or by directly interacting with the proteasome's catalytic subunits.

PBPs are involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and immune response. They are also implicated in several diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases. For instance, some PBPs have been shown to promote cancer cell survival and proliferation by inhibiting proteasome-mediated degradation of pro-apoptotic proteins.

The study of PBPs has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential as therapeutic targets for various diseases. Inhibitors of PBPs have been developed and are being tested in preclinical and clinical studies for their ability to modulate proteasome activity and treat diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the development of selective and specific PBP inhibitors remains a challenge due to the complex nature of the proteasome and the diverse functions of PBPs.