Püsivmagneete

Püsivmagneete, also known as permanent magnets, are objects made from materials that are magnetized and create their own persistent magnetic field. Unlike electromagnets, which require an electric current to produce a magnetic field, permanent magnets retain their magnetism without any external power source. This characteristic makes them invaluable in a wide array of applications.

The magnetic properties of permanent magnets arise from the alignment of their internal magnetic domains. In ferromagnetic materials, these domains are microscopic regions where the magnetic moments of atoms are aligned. When a material is magnetized, these domains are oriented in the same direction, resulting in a net magnetic field. Common materials used for permanent magnets include neodymium magnets (NdFeB), samarium-cobalt magnets (SmCo), ferrite magnets, and alnico magnets. Each type offers different strengths, temperature resistance, and cost-effectiveness.

The strength of a permanent magnet is typically measured by its magnetic flux density, often expressed in Gauss or Tesla. Applications for permanent magnets are diverse, ranging from everyday items like refrigerator magnets, speakers, and electric motors, to more specialized uses in medical imaging (MRI machines), magnetic levitation trains, and data storage devices. Their reliability and lack of power consumption make them a crucial component in many modern technologies.