Növénygyökér

Növénygyökér, which translates to "plant root" in English, refers to the subterranean part of a vascular plant. Its primary functions are anchorage, absorption of water and minerals from the soil, and storage of food reserves. Roots also play a crucial role in the transport of these absorbed substances upwards to the stem and leaves.

The structure of a plant root typically includes a root cap at the tip, which protects the actively growing meristematic tissue. Above the root cap are zones of cell division, elongation, and maturation, where root hairs develop. These root hairs greatly increase the surface area for absorption.

There are two main types of root systems: taproot systems and fibrous root systems. Taproot systems consist of a single, prominent main root from which smaller lateral roots branch off. This type is common in dicotyledonous plants. Fibrous root systems, found in monocotyledonous plants, are characterized by a dense network of thin, branching roots originating from the base of the stem.

Roots are essential for plant survival and contribute significantly to the overall health and stability of ecosystems. They prevent soil erosion and are a vital part of the water cycle.