Nötrofils

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell, also known as leukocytes. They are the most abundant type of granulocyte and the most abundant type of phagocyte in the blood of most mammals. Neutrophils play a crucial role in the innate immune system, acting as the first responders to sites of infection and inflammation. Their primary function is to engulf and destroy invading microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, through a process called phagocytosis.

These cells are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream. When an infection or injury occurs, chemical signals are released, attracting neutrophils to the affected area. Once at the site, neutrophils can release antimicrobial substances, such as enzymes and reactive oxygen species, to kill pathogens. They can also form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are web-like structures composed of DNA and antimicrobial proteins that can ensnare and kill microbes.

The lifespan of a neutrophil is relatively short, typically only a few days. They are a key component of pus, which is formed from dead neutrophils, liquefied tissue, and bacteria. An increase in neutrophil count, known as neutrophilia, can indicate an ongoing infection or inflammatory process. Conversely, a low neutrophil count, or neutropenia, can impair the body's ability to fight off infections and may be caused by various medical conditions or treatments.