Närviaktsioon

Närviaktsioon refers to the process by which neurons transmit electrical and chemical signals. This fundamental biological mechanism underlies all nervous system functions, including thought, sensation, and movement.

The process begins when a neuron receives a stimulus, which can be external or internal. This stimulus causes a change in the electrical potential across the neuron's cell membrane. If this change reaches a certain threshold, it triggers an action potential, a rapid and transient electrical impulse that travels down the neuron's axon.

The action potential is an "all-or-none" event; it either occurs fully or not at all. As it propagates along the axon, it causes the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse, the junction between two neurons. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron, either exciting or inhibiting it, and thus passing the signal along.

The speed and efficiency of närviaktsioon are crucial for rapid communication within the nervous system. This complex interplay of electrical and chemical signaling allows for the intricate coordination of bodily functions and responses to the environment. The precise regulation of närviaktsioon is vital for maintaining health, and disruptions can lead to various neurological disorders.