NFAT2

NFAT2, also known as Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells 2, is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in immune responses and other cellular processes. It belongs to the NFAT family of proteins, which are characterized by their Rel homology domain and their ability to bind to DNA. NFAT2 is activated by calcium signaling, a common pathway in immune cells like T lymphocytes.

Upon stimulation, intracellular calcium levels rise, leading to the activation of calcineurin, a calcium-dependent phosphatase. Calcineurin then dephosphorylates NFAT2, causing it to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, NFAT2 binds to specific DNA sequences in the promoter regions of target genes, regulating their transcription.

NFAT2 is particularly important for the activation and differentiation of T cells, influencing the production of various cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). These cytokines are essential for mounting an effective immune response against pathogens. Dysregulation of NFAT2 activity has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions. Research into NFAT2 continues to explore its broader roles in cellular development, proliferation, and even cancer.