Myeliinöinti

Myelin is a fatty substance that forms a protective sheath around nerve fibers, known as axons. This sheath is crucial for the efficient transmission of electrical signals in the nervous system. Myelin is primarily composed of lipids, proteins, and cholesterol. It is produced by specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

The process of myelin formation is called myelination. During myelination, oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells wrap around axons multiple times, creating a multilayered insulation. This insulation allows for the rapid and efficient conduction of nerve impulses, which is essential for various physiological functions such as movement, sensation, and cognition.

Myelin also plays a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the nervous system. It provides physical support to axons and helps to organize and stabilize the arrangement of nerve fibers. Additionally, myelin contains receptors and channels that regulate the flow of ions and neurotransmitters, further influencing the activity of the nervous system.

Demyelination, the loss of myelin, can lead to various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathy, and certain types of neuropathy. These conditions disrupt the normal functioning of the nervous system and can result in symptoms such as weakness, numbness, and impaired sensation. Understanding the role of myelin in the nervous system is essential for the development of therapies aimed at treating and managing these disorders.