Mielin

Mielin is a fatty substance that forms a protective sheath around nerve fibers, known as myelin sheaths. This sheath is crucial for the efficient transmission of electrical signals along the length of the nerve. Mielin is primarily composed of lipids, including phospholipids and cholesterol, and is produced by specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. The process of myelination involves the wrapping of the myelin sheath around the axon, which helps to insulate the nerve and prevent the leakage of electrical signals. This insulation allows for faster and more efficient conduction of nerve impulses, which is essential for various physiological functions, including movement, sensation, and cognitive processes. Mielination typically occurs during early development and continues into adulthood in certain regions of the brain. Disorders of myelination, such as multiple sclerosis, can lead to impaired nerve function and various neurological symptoms.