Leukozytenfilter

Leukozytenfilter, also known as leukocyte filters or WBC filters, are medical devices used in blood transfusion medicine. Their primary function is to remove white blood cells (leukocytes) from blood products before they are administered to a patient. This process is called leukoreduction.

The removal of leukocytes is important for several reasons. Leukocytes are a key component of the immune system, but in the context of a blood transfusion, they can trigger adverse reactions in the recipient. These reactions can include febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs), which are characterized by fever and chills. Leukocytes can also transmit certain pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria. Furthermore, the removal of leukocytes can reduce the risk of alloimmunization, a process where the recipient's immune system develops antibodies against the donor's white blood cells, potentially complicating future transfusions.

Leukozytenfilter typically consist of a matrix material, such as polyester or cellulose, through which the blood product is passed. The leukocytes, being larger and less deformable than red blood cells, become trapped in the filter's pores. The filtered blood product, now depleted of most leukocytes, is then infused into the patient. Leukoreduction is a standard practice for many blood components, including red blood cells, platelets, and plasma, particularly in developed countries. The widespread use of leukoreduction has significantly reduced the incidence of transfusion-related complications.