Kõrvalkilpnäärmete

Kõrvalkilpnäärmed are small endocrine glands located in the neck, typically behind or embedded within the thyroid gland. Humans usually have four of these glands, arranged in two pairs. Their primary function is to produce and secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Parathyroid hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. It works by increasing calcium levels when they fall too low. PTH achieves this through several mechanisms: stimulating the release of calcium from bones, promoting the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys, and increasing the absorption of calcium from the intestines by activating vitamin D. Conversely, when blood calcium levels are too high, PTH secretion is suppressed.

The proper functioning of the parathyroid glands is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis, which is vital for numerous bodily processes, including nerve and muscle function, blood clotting, and bone health. Imbalances in PTH production can lead to conditions such as hyperparathyroidism (overactive glands, leading to high calcium levels) or hypoparathyroidism (underactive glands, leading to low calcium levels), both of which can have significant health consequences.