KohlensäureBasenSystem

KohlensäureBasenSystem refers to the equilibrium system involving carbonic acid and its conjugate bases in aqueous solutions. This system is crucial for regulating pH in many natural and biological environments. It begins with the dissolution of carbon dioxide gas in water, forming carbonic acid (H₂CO₃).

H₂CO₃ is a weak acid and undergoes stepwise dissociation. The first dissociation produces bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) and a hydronium ion (H₃O⁺). The second dissociation of bicarbonate ions yields carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻) and another hydronium ion. These reactions are reversible and exist in equilibrium.

The relative concentrations of carbonic acid, bicarbonate, and carbonate depend on the pH of the solution and the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide. In biological systems, such as blood, this system acts as a buffer, helping to maintain a stable pH within a narrow range, essential for enzyme function and cellular processes.

The interplay between CO₂ and the bicarbonate-carbonate system is also fundamental to ocean chemistry, influencing marine life and the global carbon cycle. Understanding the KohlensäureBasenSystem is key to comprehending acid-base chemistry, environmental processes, and physiological regulation.