Kiinteistönkauppa

Kiinteistönkauppa refers to the legal transaction of transferring ownership of real estate, typically land and the buildings situated upon it. In Finland, this process is governed by specific legislation, primarily the Maakaari (Land Code). The core elements of a kiinteistönkauppa include a legally binding agreement between a seller and a buyer, where the seller relinquishes ownership and the buyer assumes it, usually in exchange for monetary compensation.

A key requirement for a valid kiinteistönkauppa is a written contract. This contract must be signed by both parties and, in most cases, witnessed by two impartial individuals. The contract must clearly identify the property being sold, the purchase price, the payment terms, and the date of possession. Essential information about the property, such as its cadastral details and any existing encumbrances, must also be disclosed.

Following the signing of the contract, the buyer must formally apply for registration of their ownership at the Land Registry. This registration process, known as lainhuudatus, is crucial for establishing the buyer's legal title and protecting their rights against third parties. Historically, there was a period for redemption rights, but these have been largely abolished for standard property transactions.

The process can involve various associated costs, including stamp duty (varainsiirtovero) payable by the buyer, as well as potential fees for legal assistance, surveys, and mortgage registration. Kiinteistönkauppa is a significant undertaking, and understanding the legal framework and contractual obligations is paramount for all parties involved to ensure a smooth and legally sound transfer of property.