Kibocsátáskereskedelem

Kibocsátáskereskedelem, known in English as emissions trading or cap-and-trade, is a market-based approach to controlling pollution. It sets a limit or "cap" on the total amount of a specific pollutant that can be emitted by a group of sources. Within this cap, permits or allowances are issued to companies, and these allowances can be bought and sold among them. Companies that reduce their emissions below their allocated allowance can sell their surplus allowances to companies that emit more than their allocation. This creates a financial incentive for companies to invest in cleaner technologies and practices to reduce their emissions, as they can profit from selling excess allowances. Conversely, companies that exceed their allowances must purchase them, incurring a cost that encourages them to reduce their pollution. The overall cap ensures that the total emissions from the regulated entities do not exceed the environmental objective. This system is designed to achieve environmental goals cost-effectively by allowing the market to find the most efficient ways to reduce emissions. It has been implemented in various forms globally, targeting pollutants like carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. The effectiveness of kibocsátáskereskedelem depends on the careful design of the cap, the allocation of allowances, and the robustness of monitoring and enforcement mechanisms.