Keratinotsüüdid

Keratinocytes are the most common type of cell found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. They originate in the basal layer of the epidermis and then migrate upwards, differentiating and maturing as they go. This process, known as keratinization, results in the production of keratin, a tough, fibrous protein that is the primary structural component of skin, hair, and nails.

Throughout their journey to the surface, keratinocytes undergo significant changes. They flatten and become tightly packed, forming a protective barrier against environmental insults, pathogens, and water loss. This protective function is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and overall health. In the stratum corneum, the uppermost layer of the epidermis, keratinocytes are dead, flattened cells that are continuously shed and replaced by new cells from below.

Keratinocytes play a vital role in wound healing, responding to injury by proliferating and migrating to close the damaged area. They also participate in immune responses, recognizing and responding to pathogens. Disruptions in keratinocyte function or differentiation can lead to various skin disorders, including psoriasis, eczema, and certain types of cancer. Understanding keratinocyte biology is therefore essential for comprehending skin physiology and treating dermatological conditions.