Kemiosmoosia
Kemiosmoosia is a biological process that describes the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane down their electrochemical gradient. This movement is coupled to the synthesis of ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. The term "chemiosmosis" was coined by Peter Mitchell in 1961, who proposed this mechanism as the main way cells generate ATP during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
The process relies on the establishment of a proton gradient across a membrane, typically the inner mitochondrial
Protons then flow back across the membrane through a specialized enzyme complex called ATP synthase. As protons