Karoteenoidid

Carotenoids are a group of fat-soluble pigments found in plants, algae, and some bacteria. They are responsible for the vibrant colors of many fruits and vegetables, such as carrots (orange), tomatoes (red), and sweet potatoes (orange). Carotenoids play a crucial role in photosynthesis, protecting plants from the harmful effects of sunlight. They are also essential for human health, acting as antioxidants that help protect cells from damage. The most well-known carotenoids include beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein. Beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A in the body, while lycopene is found in tomatoes and has been linked to reduced risk of certain cancers. Lutein is important for eye health and is found in leafy green vegetables. Carotenoids are classified into two main groups: carotenes, which are hydrocarbons, and xanthophylls, which contain oxygen. They are soluble in organic solvents and can be extracted and used in various industries, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Despite their benefits, excessive consumption of carotenoids can lead to toxicity, so it is important to maintain a balanced diet.