Kapillárisfal

Kapillárisfal refers to the wall of a capillary, the smallest type of blood vessel in the circulatory system. These microscopic vessels are crucial for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the body's tissues. The capillary wall is remarkably thin, typically consisting of a single layer of endothelial cells. This thinness is essential for efficient diffusion across the vessel.

The endothelial cells that form the capillary wall are flattened and tightly joined, though there are small gaps or pores between them. These pores allow for the passage of small molecules and fluids. In some tissues, such as the kidneys and intestines, the endothelial cells may have more specialized structures like fenestrations, which are tiny openings that further facilitate rapid exchange.

The capillary wall is surrounded by a basement membrane, a thin layer of extracellular matrix that provides structural support to the endothelial cells. This membrane also plays a role in regulating the passage of substances and in cellular communication. The overall structure of the capillary wall is a marvel of biological engineering, optimized for its vital role in the body's transport system.