Kalvobioreactor

A kalvobioreactor is a type of bioreactor that utilizes a specific design principle to enhance biological processes. The term "kalvo" likely refers to a membrane or a thin layer, suggesting that these bioreactors incorporate a membrane-based separation or containment system. This design allows for the efficient separation of biomass from the product or reaction medium, or it can facilitate the controlled exchange of substances across a barrier.

Kalvobioreactors are often employed in applications where cell retention is crucial, such as in continuous fermentation processes. By retaining the microbial or cellular catalyst within the reactor, higher cell densities can be achieved, leading to increased volumetric productivity. The membrane can act as a filter, preventing cells from escaping while allowing smaller molecules like products and nutrients to pass through.

Another application involves immobilizing enzymes or cells within or on a membrane structure. This immobilization can improve catalyst stability, reusability, and prevent product inhibition. The specific configuration of the kalvobioreactor, including the type of membrane, flow patterns, and operating conditions, is tailored to the particular bioprocess and organism being used. These reactors are found in various fields, including industrial biotechnology, wastewater treatment, and pharmaceutical production.